The institutional limitations kidnapped national interests
Luis Gomez (National Autonomous University of Mexico, the director of the Centre for Social Policy Research): Western democratic institutions exist historical limitations, due to the political parties alternating in power, it is difficult to imagine a political party for the collective interests of the country as a whole. In this extremely narrow "political context", the partisan interests above the national interest, lead to extremism, absolutism and negationism produce. It has been formed in the West and the long-term existence of a political and cultural traditions, radical institutional change can occur only through radical reform or some kind of revolutionary movement broke out before, this is unlikely to be achieved in today's real-world conditions.
Qu Xing (China Institute of International Studies): Western state system predicament is mainly reflected in the ruling and opposition parties a zero-sum game, the proliferation of populism as well as internal contradictions marrying. Hope resides in the failure of the ruling party came to power by the opposition. This zero-sum relationship led to the reform measures proposed by the ruling party often become the main point of attack of the opposition. In addition, voters tend to be most concerned about the immediate and local interests, big phenomenon promised to please voters flooded elections, visionary and dare to say the truth it is difficult to be elected. The consequences of most countries rely on deficit support financial, people rely on borrowing ahead of the consumer, the formation of a vicious cycle of debt on debt. Finally, under the pressure of electoral politics, the capitalist countries tend to shift domestic political pressure to the external. Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy, to promote the Libyan war, largely focused on the domestic election in 2012. Former Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda engage in so-called Diaoyu Islands "nationalization", largely due to the internal affairs of lackluster, hope to resist the pressure of the domestic opposition by outward display of a tough attitude.
Emerging market countries to go their own way
Students Yevgeny Avdo Kushan (director of the Centre of Asian Studies, Department of Economics of the University of Moscow, Russia): Once upon a time, Russia, India and other countries of Europe and America mode very hard, such as Russia Gaidar team is representative of, they do not depth, in particular, there is no real understanding of the Russian economy in real terms, which is distinct from China's distinctive features. China carried out economic reforms with its own characteristics. Russia is completely off-the-shelf copy the Western economic model and theory, the resulting predictable results.
FRONT IN (academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Marxism Research Institute): India today is a big bourgeoisie dominated by the national bourgeoisie, the landlord class, the United Nations [microblogging] international financial capital of the workers, peasants and petty bourgeois capitalist countries in the development of class rule, is a special mixture of dominant capitalist system and the caste system, the sectarian system, the tribal system.
Politics, this is the West hailed as the world's "largest democracy", directly under the influence of neo-liberalism, the democratic system is by money and political challenges. Economic neo-liberal economic reforms, the India to get rid of the curse of "Hindu growth", but fall into the trap of the "free market". The government has relaxed restrictions on access to international financial capital and supervision of the domestic banking sector and other financial systems. Development of aggravation in the different regions, between different departments, urban and rural public input, the slow development of agriculture, increased polarization. And original Indian agricultural science and technology research and development and application of organization gradually multinationals from alternative and control. Venkatesh ・ Aspen Calabria Professor of the University of ElBaradei Dasang, India, a number of scholars believe that the people's livelihood, the big capitalists as beneficiaries of the neo-liberal economic reform, urban workers and urban elite and the middle and lower classes, and farmers accounted for more than 60% of India's population, the growing inequality in the distribution of wealth and income.
The problems of the Indian society today, the bourgeois conscience alone, the enthusiasm of the NGO, the conditional assistance of international organizations, scholars reflection, the awakening of the people can not be solved, India's urgent need for fundamental institutional change. Tata Academy of Social Sciences, 巴拉苏罗曼 reflection and said: "60 years after the founding of New China to India a lot to learn from the valuable experience, India's economic and social problems faced today, almost directly in China find a solution to the answer. "
Capitalism seeks to go beyond the "boundaries"
Ernst the Luo Aofu (the Germany "crisis" studio members): capitalism touched the "boundaries" of capitalism does not necessarily mean we should disintegrate and perish, but refers to the expansion of the capitalist system, generated through capital the basic purpose of the more capital can not continue to be maintained. Expansion of capitalism and the process of capital accumulation characterize the basic outlook of the history of the past 200 years, more and more labor is absorbed into the capitalist system to the formation of capital accumulation, this accumulation is bound to reach a critical point, so that the process can not continue and the emergence of a system failure. This failure means that the production of social stagnation and social viability subsided. These phenomena are currently in crisis countries. Therefore, the "boundaries" refers to this development logic, non-capitalist society will perish and the birth of a new social system.
Yevgeny of Avdo Kushan: the international financial crisis erupted in 2008 also, but not to conclude that the capitalist system would wither away, it is still alive, at least in 2030, do not die. Capitalism will make the appropriate changes will strengthen their social tendencies, such as the middle class will get a big development, the society will be more democratic, but to protect the interests of the monopoly capitalist countries this essence will not change.
Liming Jiang (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies scholar): As an economic system, capitalism overall is effective. Multiple modes of capitalism, capitalism in the United States and Europe, capitalism within the EU are also different from each other, capitalism in Japan and Europe and the United States are also different. Capitalism can learn from the good things, such as the "small government, big market", but not blindly copy, it needs to be improved and amended.
Luis Gomez: capitalism and socialism, the two systems have a common ground, government regulation, but the proportion of government regulation. General capitalist countries to learn from the successful experience of socialism, is being developed to the direction of greater government intervention.
Reality tells us that liberalism and interventionism and so will not completely solve capitalism is inherently cyclical economic and institutional crisis. Future democratic government should not belong to the traditional liberal government, nor the neo-liberal government, the same will not be simple welfare system oriented government. I advocate to explore the establishment of a new democratic political system "strategy-oriented government" for the time being may be called, it is built on the basis of sustainable growth and consideration of the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. In other words, through democratic universal suffrage a play "and" scientific and efficient government, long-term consideration and planning the future development of the country as a whole, and the interests of the people as a core reference system to measure effectiveness of policy implementation.
The next few decades the Western bold institutional reforms, including changes in the current neo-liberal management model, the blind expansion of the globalization process, and the operation of the political and economic system of the lack of effective intervention. A strategy-oriented government "is to understand the operation of the scientific processing and coordination of collective and individual, government and market a series of contradictions, and thus stimulate economic growth vigor. In this regard, China is a good reference and reference, and its advantages embodied in the perfect unity of the central government regulation and market-led regulation, to provide a reliable institutional guarantee orderly market competition and efficient allocation of resources.
Decline in social cohesion
Yuan Peng (China Contemporary International Relations, Assistant Dean, director of the Institute of American Studies): Western deepest problem is that it's social spirit level. For a long time, we thought that the American society is vibrant and cohesive, but in recent years, this conclusion should be some amendments.
American society has deep structural problems, including the rich and the poor contradictions, class contradictions, conflict inter-generational, regional conflicts and ethnic contradictions. These contradictions are neglected in the past, an important reason is that after the end of the Cold War, the United States enjoy the benefit of a superpower bonus, and not just concentrate on the internal restructuring and reform. 9.11 "has been busy fighting terrorism, busy with the change and deepening of the military system, security system and intelligence system, ignoring the economic system and social system, advancing with the times and recycling.
Charlie Beckett (London School of Economics, the media department head): the media scandal occurred this year, more than people recognize, is necessary to reflect on the "freedom of speech" under the capitalist system. Newspapers can not be all day, shouting "freedom of speech", at the same time make a shady dealings or distort the truth. British newspaper obvious partisan difficult for themselves, the pursuit of sales and profits, defend like inquire privacy acts. The media must make a tremendous change in the moment of their own high standards and strict requirements, in particular to comply with journalistic ethics.
Of Dieter Tommy (professor of philosophy at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland): capitalism is eroding the family structure. Capitalism emphasized efforts to obtain the interests of the individual, the family is required for others to pay a lot. Today we feel that everyone should be the same as the capitalists, unrestricted, in order to work and work to maximize access to their own interests, profit-oriented. The capitalist way of life, penetrate into the life of the ordinary class people could let life better values to be marginalized, the family is placed in a secondary position, people communicate less and less.
Liming Jiang: the decline in moral standards in the West and ideological conservative tendency is mainly caused by globalization. On the trade front, the Western capitalist countries in recent years demand in Brazil, India and other emerging and developing countries to act in full accordance with international rules, and even more stringent requirements of these countries. Western religion and immigration has become more conservative. Globalization is the expansion of capitalism on a global scale, but also the external expansion of the capitalist system. Globalization interaction of various cultures impact each other, will have a lot of new thinking, new social customs and values, consciousness and not stereotypes.
Drag on the development of policy failures
Luis Gomez: one of the root causes of the financial crisis of the Western world is the "flower too much, borrowed too much." This is common with the Western countries "living beyond" consumer credit policy in advance not without relevance, this model is neither sustainable also completely worthless. Very easy to get credit in many Western countries, and fluctuations in the cyclical economic growth in these regions in the downlink channel, the lender of last resort, overwhelmed, could not pay the loan. It can be said, the policy mistakes expanding the face of the outbreak of the debt crisis.
Western welfare system itself obvious defects. By the aging of the population in the region on the one hand tired, the other hand, subject to the labor positions synchronization reduced. The same can not be ignored, when the savings and pension funds of the labor force market securitization package, as the crisis deepens, the welfare risk increases sharply. Has happened in some countries, for example the issue of pensions is shrinking and the outbreak of the crisis. Western if you want to jump out of the welfare system traps ", in addition to gradually attract capital into the real economy, and increase technological innovation and institutional change, no other method. Investment in the field of education and scientific research and breakthroughs should never be slack, these should be the greatest source to find solutions to the problems on the path of development of industrial production and services industry. Only economic growth have strong real economic foundation for the support, but also in order to effectively protect the supply of jobs, then jump out of the welfare trap.
Liming Jiang: Western welfare system also accelerated the outbreak of the crisis. Workers in the developed countries provide high welfare and security of life, unwilling to accept low-paying jobs, and handed over to workers in developing countries to do more dirty and more tired of the job. "Wage rigidity" labor costs of the welfare state can only rise not fall, government support can not afford welfare spending, more and more people on institutional dissatisfied.
